Awake, Alert, and (Not) Asleep in Calculus

By: Shyama Banik

I stare at the whiteboard with my gradually blurring vision, trying to make the most of my Calculus class. My teacher's voice transforms into gibberish—"...Integrals define the ear ah wonder meat duh curb...huh?" The battle with my drooping eyelids intensifies. Before I knew it, I suddenly jerked my head back up, snapping myself back to reality. Does this situation sound a little too familiar? If so, It wouldn't be too surprising--data shows that around 73% of high schoolers are sleep-deprived. Although staying up late occasionally won't do long-term harm, keeping this a daily habit poses high health risks for the future. Studies link sleep deprivation to a higher risk of heart disease, high blood pressure, hormonal imbalance, Alzheimer's, or even death.

When awake, cells in our brain (neurons) break down ATP to acquire energy to function, producing adenosine as a byproduct. As the brain uses energy throughout the day, it builds up within the cells. Eventually, it exits the neurons, often binding to A2A, an adenosine receptor that induces the feeling of sleepiness. However, when one does not listen to this cue, adenosine builds up in the brain, dampening the brain's ability to stay alert. Other waste products, such as beta-amyloid, also build up, creating more brain pressure over time. Luckily, a mechanism known as the glymphatic system exists, and it flushes away daily byproducts in the brain using cerebrospinal fluid and prevents the accumulation of waste products that can cause neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's.

Scientists continue to investigate the vital mechanisms of sleep, but one thing is certain: Sleeping is imperative for maximum function and longevity. Before pulling an all-nighter for another project or essay, rethink and prioritize your health and well-being. Trust that your future self will thank you for it!