By: Malhar Debnat- You might think all fish breathe the same way, because they’re all fish. Believe it or not there are two ways fish use their gills to breathe, and it’s the reason some fish die when they can't move! This also partially contributes to why some fish are white meat or red meat, but with only ram ventilation a fish is dead meat if it can’t move! Many fish and other sea animals however use both kinds of breathing. Ram ventilation is exactly what is exactly what

By: Divya Jaganathan- We might imagine a world where parents could choose the traits of their child just like selecting ingredients for a recipe - with perfect health, and a high IQ. This is not just the plot of a sci-fi novel, but the reality of what genetic engineering has become today. With powerful biotechnology that has taken decades to create, scientists have been able to edit the human genome for medical and agricultural purposes. However, what happens when this techno

By: Stefan Mitrovic- The human mind is an interesting factor in human activity and understanding. Psychology is the study of human behavior and mental processes, and can be very complex and misleading. How people feel, think, and act is all part of understanding why people do what they do. Some of the main reasons for the complexity of the human mind correlate to the high amounts of neurons constantly interacting, being influenced by its environment and culture, as well as be

By: Stefan Mitrovic- Many questions have arised about the Moon, and its role on Earth. The Moon plays a critical role for our planet, as its strong gravitational pull is essential to stabilizes our planet’s axial tilt, which results in stable seasons as well as a relatively consistent climate. In addition to this, the moon is also the main cause of the Earth’s ocean tides. Due to its gravity, it creates two bulges of water on opposite sides of our planet, which results in the

By: Srihitha Kamuni- Cancer to this day serves as one of the world’s greatest wonders. Despite the numerous treatments modern day science has offered us, some cancers still remain avoidant of our solutions in chemotherapy and radiation. However this all changed on October 29, 2025 when a new discovery announced a scientific breakthrough, transforming the future of cancer with bowhead whales. Using one of the most fundamental ideas in medical history, Peto’s Paradox, scientist

By: Srihitha Kamuni- DNA, also known as the blueprint of one’s life, is far more than just ordinary instructions that your body obeys. DNA serves a vital component in aiding and protecting your body against any and all forms of disease. Every cell in the human body requires genetic material to conduct normal functions ranging from protein synthesis, to repair damage, to harmful threats. More than just these mere functions, DNA’s hidden talent lies in fighting and working agai

By Jillian Landers- In medical and scientific research it is known to be a major concern for animal testing, especially the ethics behind it. There is an established fact that animal testing has played an important role in developing, treatments, vaccines, and medical knowledge that we have relied on today. Many people have argued about their concerns for the pain, suffering, and the overall treatment that the animals that are used for the experiments go through. It is highly

By: Shayli Mehta- Artificial dyes are chemicals added to food, drinks, and other products to make them look more colorful and appealing. They are commonly found in candy, soda, cereal, and snacks that many people eat every day. While artificial dyes can make food more attractive, they can also have effects on our health that many people do not realize. One concern with artificial dyes is how they affect behavior, especially in children. Some studies suggest that certain dyes,

By: Shayli Mehta- As you travel deeper into the ocean, the animals you encounter begin to look much scarier and more unusual. This is because the deep sea is an extreme environment with very little light, intense pressure, and limited food. To survive these harsh conditions, animals have evolved special adaptations that can make them appear frightening to humans. One major reason deep-sea animals look scary is the lack of sunlight. Below about 1,000 meters, sunlight cannot re

By: Jeong Byoungmin- Kind natural pain relief that we can find in our life. Lots of people find medical care due to chronic pain. In the year 2021, 51.6 million people in the US visited medical care to relieve their chronic pain. If the pain occurring due to the conditions can be unbearable without any action to relieve the pain, many people choose to take medicine that relieves pain, since it is an easy, straightforward answer to relieving the pain. However, taking the medic

By: Judy Lee- Stress is something humans all feel in life. Whether it’s from studying for semester finals or sorting out bills as adults, it’s pretty much everywhere. As stress becomes a normal part of everyday life, many tend to look over the mental and physical damages stress does to individuals. At first glance, the impact may not feel that significant but as the stress prevails in the long term, it gives rise to a potential threat to the individual. It may come a

By: Anya Waghchoure- Have you ever heard of the dams that beavers build? What about the humongous hydroelectric ones that provide power to millions of people? I’m sure you have and if you haven't then here's a little summary: Hydro powered dams use the force of water flowing in rivers to produce energy. As water rushes through the dam, electricity is produced and can be used in many different ways. However, as good as they may seem, hydroelectric dams can be detrimental to t

By: Ahana Suresh- Life on Earth is shaped by gravity, so when humans enter space and experience zero gravity, the body begins to change in surprising ways. In a weightless environment, astronauts float instead of walk, and their bodies no longer need to work against gravity. While this may sound fun, it comes with serious effects. One of the first changes occurs in the muscles and bones. Without gravity pulling the body downward, muscles are used far less, causing them to wea

By: Rohan Kandimalla- Artificial intelligence, commonly known as AI, is rapidly becoming one of the most influential tools in modern science. Once considered science fiction, AI is now actively shaping how researchers collect data, analyze results, and make discoveries. From medicine to environmental science, AI is changing the way scientists approach complex problems. In healthcare, AI is helping doctors diagnose diseases faster and more accurately. Machine learning algorith

By: Rohan Kandimalla- When people think of science, they often imagine laboratories, complex formulas, and scientists in white coats. While those images are common, science is much more than experiments and textbooks. In reality, science plays a major role in our everyday lives, even when we are not aware of it. From the moment we wake up, science is already at work. Alarm clocks and smartphones rely on physics, engineering, and computer science to function. Electricity power

By: Ahana Suresh- Ever noticed how a cup of coffee can snap you awake but a piece of chocolate feels like an instant mood boost. This isn’t your imagination, its science. Coffee’s main active ingredient is caffeine, a natural stimulant. Inside your brain a chemical called adenosine builds up throughout the day and makes you feel sleepy. Caffeine blocks adenosine from doing its job, tricking your brain into feeling more alert and energized. At the same time, caffeine increases

By: Kaya Sadnick- Psychologists have studied the concepts of learning and behavior for centuries, from philosophers like Aristotle and Socrates to the establishment of psychology as a scientific field in the 1800s. Since then, a variety of theories have been developed, from a variety of psychologists. One of the most notable theories is Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov’s classical conditioning, which laid the groundwork for future behavioral psychology. Classical conditioning

By: Naviya Alwar- Every day, the Earth travels in a near perfect circle around the Sun at around 30km/sec, while spinning counterclockwise at 1600km/hr. But, how do we not feel this motion as we go through our daily life? The answer: gravity and inertia. Gravity, a fundamental concept of physics, is stronger than you think. This force is the sole reason our planet stays in the 'Goldilocks zone', a sector of our galaxy capable of sustaining life. Specifically, our Sun's consta

By: Trafim Nosko- For decades, rockets have used flared bell nozzles to channel hot exhaust gases into a controlled jet. While effective, these nozzles have a fundamental limitation: they can only be optimized for one altitude. But a rocket launches from sea level and climbs to the near-vacuum of space, so a conventional bell nozzle spends most of its flight time operating below its maximum efficiency. As such, engineers have been looking for a design that could adapt to cha

By: Trafim Nosko- The oblique wing is one of the most unusual and inventive ideas in aeronautical engineering. Unlike a conventional wing, which extends symmetrically from both sides of the fuselage, an oblique wing is mounted on a central pivot that allows it to rotate so that one side sweeps forward while the other sweeps backward. At low speeds, the wing remains perpendicular to the fuselage and behaves normally. But as the aircraft accelerates into the transonic or supers