Breaking Down Barriers: Tackling Brain Cancer by Targeting the Tumor's Ecosystem

By: Sanjana Shresta

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most aggressive, invasive, and challenging forms of brain cancer to treat. Unlike other types of cancer, GBM spreads quickly and is often resistant to many different types of treatments, including certain drugs called epidermal growth factor receptor (EFGR) inhibitor drugs that aim to slow down the growth of the cancer cell. One primary factor contributing to this resistance lies in the tumor microenvironment (TME), a unique environment surrounding the tumor. It comprises various cells, blood vessels, and proteins that closely interact with the tumor. Unusually, in GBM, the TME actually helps the tumor survive by creating a supportive environment. Some immune cells within the TME, typically tasked with attacking harmful cells, may be "tricked" into defending the cancer instead. Furthermore, specific molecules present in the TME make it harder for drugs to access the tumor, enabling its continuous growth even during treatment. To address this challenge, researchers are exploring methods to diminish the supportive nature of the TME for the tumor's benefit. By modifying conditions in the TME, scientists aim to enhance the efficacy of drugs like EGFR inhibitors against GBM. This innovative approach holds promise for developing improved and personalized therapies for individuals dealing with this form of cancer while potentially enhancing their chances of recovery. Investigating how GBM interacts with its TME proves significant as it may unveil novel strategies for treating other types of cancers as well. This area of research emphasizes that understanding the tumor's surrounding environment can be just as important as targeting tumors in advancing cancer treatment methods.